| Number of person | ||
|---|---|---|
| Welcome. How many persons? | Irasshaimase. Nan-mei-sama desuka? | |
| 6 persons. | Roku-mei desu. | |
| 4 persons. | Yo-nin desu. | |
| 2 adults and 1 child. | Otona futari to kodomo hitori desu. | |
| -nin: _persons -mei: _persons (sounds more formal) irasshaimase: welcome (polite) -sama: prefix for a person (more polite than "san") otona: adult kodomo: child _ to _: _ and _ |
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Basic Rules
Number of persons:
-nin: number + nin (except for 1 & 2). 4 is pronounced "yo".
Examples: hitori (1), futari (2), san-nin (3), yo-nin (4), go-nin (5)
-mei: number + mei
Examples: ichi-mei (1), ni-mei (2), san-mei (3), yon-nin (4)
Polite form:
In Japan, it is said that "the customer is god.". Every sales person speaks polite language to their customers.
You may not have a chance to speak in that way, but you need to understand what they are saying.
In this course, such polite expressions are colored in blue.
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| Availability of the room | ||
|---|---|---|
| Do you have a single room? | Singuru rūmu wa ari masuka? | |
| Double rooms are full. | Daburu rūmu wa manshitsu desu. | |
| Dormitory room is for 4 persons. | Aibeya wa yonin-yō desu. | |
| In twin rooms, there are 2 beds. | Tsuin rūmu niwa beddo ga futatsu ari masu. | |
| _wa ari masuka?: Do you have_? singuru rūmu: single room / daburu rūmu: double room / tsuin rūmu: twin room / aibeya: dormitory room manshitsu: full -yō: for the use of_ (otona-yō :for adults, kodomo-yō :for children) beddo: bed futatsu: 2 (things) |
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Basic Rules
Counting things:
In Japanese, different suffixes are attached to indicate the number of particular things.
Examples: 3 nin (3 persons), 2 mai (2 thin objects), 4 hiki (4 animals)
In this course, you will learn the most common way of counting things which can be used for almost everything.
1 to 10 are as follows. For more quantity, you can just say the number without preffix.
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| 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (things) | hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu, yottsu, itsutsu, muttsu, nanatsu, yattsu, kokonotsu, tō | |
| Length of stay | ||
|---|---|---|
| How long will you stay? | Nan-nichi-kan otomari desuka? | |
| I'll stay for 3 days. | Mikka-kan tomari masu. | |
| I'll stay 2 nights. | ni-haku shi masu. | |
| I'll stay one more night. | Mō ip-paku shi masu. | |
| nan-nichi-kan: how many days? tomaru: to stay suru: to do -haku: _overnight stay ip-paku (1 night), ni-haku (2 nights), san-paku (3), yon-paku (4), go-haku (5), rop-paku (6), nana-haku (7), hap-paku (8), kyu-haku (9), jup-paku (10)... nan-paku? (how many nights?) mō: more (mō ip-paku:one more night) |
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| About fares | ||
|---|---|---|
| How much for a night? | Ip-paku ikura desuka? | |
| Breakfast included? | Chōshoku tsuki desuka? | |
| Is there a fare for a child? | Kodomo ryōkin wa ari masuka? | |
| When should I pay? | Shiharai wa itsu desuka? | |
| ikura: how much (price)? chōshoku: breakfast (sounds more formal than "asagohan") _tsuki: attached, included ryōkin: fare (kodomo ryōkin: fare for a child) waribiki: discount (gakusei waribiki: student discount) shiharai: payment |
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| About utilities | ||
|---|---|---|
| Is there a shower in the room? | Heya ni shawā wa ari masuka? | |
| Toilet and shower are shared. | Toire to shawā wa kyōyō desu. | |
| There are coin-washers on the 3rd floor. | Koin randorii wa san-kai ni arimasu. | |
| Where there is the switch of air conditioner? | Eakon no suicchi wa doko ni ari masuka? | |
| aru: there is heya: room - ni: in, at (place) shawā: shower kyōyō: shared, for common use Koin randorii: coin operated washing machine shokudō: dining room -kai: floor ik-kai (1st), ni-kai (2nd), san-kai (3rd)... nan-kai (which floor?) eakon: air conditioner - no: of_ suicchi: switch doko ni?: at where? |
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Basic Rules
there is_:
Affirmative: ari masu (present) / ari mashita (past)
Negative: ari masen (present) / ari masendeshita (past)
Question: ari masuka? (present) / ari mashitaka? (past)
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| Selecting a room | ||
|---|---|---|
| Which is the cheapest room? | Ichiban yasui heya wa dore desuka? | |
| Can you show me the room? | Heya o misete moraemasuka? | |
| Do you have a bigger room? | Motto ōkii heya wa ari masuka? | |
| The 3rd floor is quieter than the 1st floor. | San-kai wa ik-kai yori shizuka desu. | |
| I'll take this room. | Kono heya ni shimasu. | |
| ichiban: the most, number one yasui: cheap / takai: expensive dore: which miseru: show (misete moraemasuka?: Can you show me?) motto: more ōkii: big / chiisai: small _yori: than_ shizuka: quiet / urusai: noisy _ni shimasu: I'll take... |
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Basic Rules
Superlative = ichiban + adjectives or adverbs
Examples: Kore ga ichiban ōkii desu. (This is the largest.), Koko ga ichiban shizuka desu. (Here is the most quiet.)
Comparative = _yori + adjectives or adverbs
Examples: Kore wa are yori ōkii desu. (This is larger than that.), Koko wa asoko yori shizuka desu. (Here is more quiet than over there.) |
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| Order | ||
|---|---|---|
| Can I take your order? | Gochūmon wa okimari desuka? | |
| Order please. | Chūmon o onegaishimasu. | |
| 3 tendon please. | Tendon o mittsu onegaishimasu. | |
| chūmon: order tendon: tempura bowl mittsu: 3 |
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| About ingredients | ||
|---|---|---|
| What is in it? | Nani ga hai tte imasuka? | |
| Fish is not in it. | Sakana wa hai tte imasen. | |
| Without wasabi please. | Wasabi nuki de onegaishimasu. | |
| What's the taste like? | Donna aji desuka? | |
| hai tte iru: be contained sakana: fish wasabi: green horseradish paste _nuki: without_ donna: how? what kind of? aji: taste amai: sweet / shoppai: salty / karai: hot, spicy / nigai: bitter |
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| Vegetarian food | ||
|---|---|---|
| Where is this? | Yasai dake no ryōri wa ari masuka? | |
| I don't eat meat and seafood. | Watashi wa niku to shiifūdo o tabe masen. | |
| Egg and dairy products are OK. | Tamago to nyū seihin wa daijōbu desu. | |
| Can you cook only with vegetables? | Yasai dake de tsuku tte moraemasuka? | |
| yasai: vegetables dake: only ryōri: dishes, cuisine, food niku: meat / shiifūdo: seafood tamago: egg / nyū seihin: dairy products daijōbu: all right tsukuru: to make, to cook (tsukutte moraemasuka?: Can you cook?) |
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| How about_? | ||
|---|---|---|
| How about drinks? | Onomimono wa ikaga desuka? | |
| Yes, 2 coffee please. | Hai, kōhii o futatsu onegaishimasu. | |
| No, thanks. | Iie, kekkō desu. | |
| All right. Please wait for a moment. | Kashikomarimashita. Shōshō omachi kudasaimase. | |
| nomimono: drinks ikaga desuka?: how about?, what about?, how is? (polite) kōhii: coffee / kōcha: English tea / orenji jūsu: orange juice Iie, kekkō desu: No, thanks. "kekkō" can mean both positive and negative response, like English "fine". Better to put "hai (yes)" or "iie (no)" in front to make it . |
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| Extra arrangements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Is take-away possible? | Mochikaeri wa dekimasuka? | |
| Is it possible to have extra large helping? | Ōmori wa dekimasuka? | |
| Extra large helping costs 100 yen extra. | Ōmori wa hyaku-en mashi desu. | |
| We are sorry. We can not do the home delivery. | Mōshiwake gozaimasen. Takuhai wa dekimasen. | |
| dekimasuka?: Can you? Is it possible? mochikaeri: take-away ōmori: extra large helping (of food) -en: _yen _mashi: increase, extra mōshiwake gozaimasen: I'm sorry. (polite) takuhai: home delivery |
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Basic Rules
dekiru: can, possible
Affirmative: dekimasu (present) / dekimashita (past)
Negative: dekimasen (present) / dekimasendeshita (past)
Question: dekimasuka? (present) / dekimashitaka? (past)
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| Payment | ||
|---|---|---|
| Can I use credit card? | Kurejitto kādo wa tsukae masuka? | |
| Cash only. | Genkin dake desu. | |
| Can I pay? | Kaikei o onegaishimasu. | |
| Thank you. Please come again. | Arigato gozaimashita. Mata okoshi kudasaimase. | |
| kurejitto kādo: credit card tsukau: to use (tsukae masuka?: Can I use?) genkin: cash kaikei: payment Mata okoshi kudasaimase: Please come again. (polite) |
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Basic Rules
tsukae ru:
Affirmative: tsukae masu (present) / tsukae mashita (past)
Negative: tsukae masen (present) / tsukae masendeshita (past)
Question: tsukae masuka? (present) / tsukae mashitaka? (past)
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